What is meant by "load distribution" in highway design?

"Load distribution" in highway design refers to the manner in which traffic loads are transmitted and dispersed across the various materials that make up the roadway. When vehicles travel on a highway, they exert forces that create stresses and strains within the pavement structure. Effective load distribution ensures that these forces are evenly spread across the road materials, such as asphalt, concrete, subgrade, and base layers. This is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of the road, as uneven load distribution can lead to premature wear and damage, such as cracks or ruts.

Understanding load distribution helps engineers design roadways that can withstand the anticipated traffic loads over time, taking into account factors like vehicle weight, traffic volume, and environmental conditions. By focusing on how these loads are managed and dispersed, designers can create safer and more durable highways that effectively accommodate the stresses placed upon them.