What is the purpose of a geotechnical investigation in highway construction?

A geotechnical investigation plays a crucial role in highway construction by assessing soil properties and conditions, which is essential for making informed design decisions. The characteristics of the soil and its behavior under various loads directly influence the design and stability of the highway infrastructure, including pavement structures, embankments, and foundations.

Understanding soil properties—such as its shear strength, compressibility, and permeability—is vital for predicting how the ground will respond to construction activities and long-term traffic loads. This investigation informs engineers about factors like potential settlement, slope stability, and drainage considerations, ultimately leading to safer and more durable highway designs.

Additionally, a thorough geotechnical investigation helps to identify any challenges such as unsuitable soil types or groundwater issues that might require special design solutions or construction techniques, ensuring that the project can be completed successfully and sustainably.